The energy efficiency and consumption of mobile networks have received increasing attention from academics and industry in recent years. This has been provoked by rapid increases in mobile data traffi.
In, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which a number of signals onto a single by using different (i.e., colors) of. This technique enables communications over a single strand of fiber (also called wavelength-division duplexing) as well as multiplication of capacity.